Taiwan's archaeological landscape has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past two decades, with significant advances in both scientific methodology and institutional frameworks. This session aims to showcase the latest state of research by introducing the achievements and new issues raised by recent archaeological investigations, ranging from the prehistoric to the contemporary era. It will feature ten communications and two periods of discussion, covering a wide range of topics. We will present recent issues in Taiwan’s Palaeolithic, offer new insights on the Neolithic period, and explore emerging research pathways on the emergence of the Metal Age. The session will also examine protohistoric studies on early interactions between foreign actors and Indigenous peoples, as well as achievements in historical and colonial archaeology. Furthermore, we will delve into new advances in biological anthropology, recent developments in the Indigenous archaeology, and the evolution of archaeological institutions and practice in Taiwan. Ultimately, this session will not only present the latest research but also foster a discussion on new theoretical and methodological perspectives that are currently shaping the field of Taiwan archaeology.