Local Ceramic Production and Technological Knowledge in Coastal Bengal: An Ethnoarchaeological Study from Bahiri and the Tamluk Region

Swayamdipta Munshi*, Kaushik Gangopadhyay, Sayani Das, Anushka Das, Chandrima Shaha, Snehodip Saha, and Pravat Roy

This paper examines ceramic production systems in Coastal Bengal, India, through an ethnoarchaeological approach, combining archaeological ceramic analysis with ethnographic studies of contemporary pottery-making communities. The research focuses on Bahiri, an early historic site, where excavations and study of ceramic assemblages are offering insights into vessel forms, fabric types, surface treatments, and firing techniques. To strengthen the interpretation of these materials, an ethnographic survey was carried out in potter villages in and around Bahiri and across the Tamluk region, an Early Historic coastal hub. This ethnographic study records practices of clay procurement, preparation, forming methods, firing processes, and kiln structures used by local potters. While direct stylistic or morphological continuity between Early Historic ceramics and modern pottery is limited, notable parallels exist in raw material selection, kiln usage, and technological choices shaped by environmental conditions. By comparing archaeological ceramics with living pottery traditions, this study emphasises continuity in technological knowledge and adaptive production strategies rather than formal or decorative continuity. As a multidisciplinary approach, ethnoarchaeology can deepen our understanding of ceramic production, resource use, and continuity in tangible cultural traditions in coastal Bengal. This integrated approach, applied for the first time in this region, contributes to wider discussions on innovation, technological transmission, and ceramic networks in the Indo-Pacific.