Spanning from 780-60 ka, the Middle to early Late Pleistocene period marks a transformative phase in hominin evolution across Africa and Eurasia. This interval witnessed the emergence, coexistence, and dispersal of multiple hominin groups with a variability in the chronology and nature of cultural repertoires against the backdrop of ecological variation and palaeoenvironmental oscillations. Innovations such as, habitual fire use, new subsistence strategies, shifts in raw-material acquisition, structured spatial organization, and adaptations to challenging environments highlight considerable regional variation and dynamic responses to pronounced climatic fluctuations. This session adopts a multi-scalar, multidisciplinary approach focusing on chronological, behavioural, and environmental reconstruction, to reassess cultural and behavioural diversity during Middle to early Late Pleistocene. Our goal is to build compatible regional datasets that enable more robust chronological frameworks, refine understandings of technological change, and illuminate how different ecological and demographic contexts shaped distinctive adaptive trajectories. Furthermore, we aim to critically evaluate entrenched classificatory schemes and nomenclatures that may oversimplify or obscure the complexity of Middle and early Late Pleistocene cultural records.