This art history panel encourages the ongoing re-examination of ancient art and architecture, with Hinduism and Buddhism centred on Tantric and Esoteric practices, which continues to underpin current Javanese and Balinese culture. A Siva-Buddha cult was institutionalised and promoted as a form of religious syncretism in 13th century Java by King Krtanagara, involving the worship of both Siva and Buddha, often in the form of Bhairava or Mahakala. Constructed in the late 13th century, Candi Jago features intricate relief panels and reflects accounts found in contemporary manuscripts. Analysing the architecture, reliefs, and sculpture of Candi Kedaton helps elucidate our understanding of the complex history of East Javanese culture, as reinforced through the further study of ancient texts. We are particularly interested in the various physical manifestations of Avalokitesvara, such as Trailokya-vijaya and Cakravarticintamani, as detailed studies of such forms allow scholars to explore multiple interpretations of their iconography. This panel invites submissions relating to the re-evaluation of the art styles of Java and Bali, through a closer observation of both statuary and texts, particularly of those from the Kediri to the Majapahit periods, and the early history of Bali, all with maritime links to South India and the Khmer kingdom.