Buddhism in South Asia has significantly influenced its history in various ways. It constitutes a critical avenue for understanding the intricate religious, socio-political, and cultural landscapes of South Asia. The beginning of the Buddhist mission is also evident, with the missions of the great King Ashoka being particularly notable. Current archaeological evidence of urbanisation is most visible at Buddhist archaeological sites. The sustainability of Mahāvihāra depended on nearby major urban centers. Buddhism was supported by monarchs and commoners alike and was embraced even by those following other religions. The material record – comprising stupas, monastic ensembles, reliquaries, inscriptions, and ritual artifacts – serves as invaluable evidence of Buddhism’s diffusion and local adaptation from its origins in South Asia to Central and Southeast Asia. Museums occupy a pivotal role as interpreters and custodians of Buddhist heritage. This discussion aims to present recent findings on the archaeology of Buddhism concerning urbanisation and its sustenance in South Asia. Discussion will also focus on contemporary museological practice: interpretive strategies, digital technologies, audience engagement, and collaborative approaches with local and descendant communities. Ethical imperatives, especially those addressing issues of stewardship, contested ownership, and inclusive representation, will be central to our deliberations. Through interdisciplinary dialogue among archaeologists, curators, art historians, heritage practitioners, and scholars, this session seeks to promote nuanced and contextually informed approaches to the representation of Buddhist heritage.