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Lamanok Archaeological Complex: Exploring the Community's Role in the Preservation of a Heritage Site

Athena Vitor1, Rachelle Lacea1, Neolita Sarabia2, Procopio Resabal3

1Holy Name University, Philippines

2Division of City Schools - Tagbilaran City, Department of Education, Philippines

3Bohol Arts and Cultural Heritage Council, Provincial Government of Bohol, Philippines

Lamanok is one of four archaeological sites with rupestrian art in the Philippines included in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites Tentative List. The petrographs can be found on one of the islets at Lamanok Point, Anda peninsula in Eastern Bohol. The area, including the surrounding mangrove forest, is also home to a wide variety of marine and terrestrial flora and fauna. Regarded as sacred, locals approach Lamanok with a combination of caution and reverence. Local shamans continue to use the site as a venue for their rituals. Since the early 20th century, Bohol has been visited by archaeologists who surveyed, excavated and collected artifacts. In the 1980s, Lamanok was one of the identified archaeological sites, surveyed and mapped by a team from the National Museum of the Philippines. Artifacts, mostly surface finds, collected during the archaeological survey form part of the museum’s national archaeological collection. In the early 2000s, the provincial government's program for tourism placed Anda as one of the province’s frontrunners in the local tourism industry and Lamanok as one of its attractions, and in 2020, the National Museum of the Philippines, declared the Lamanok Archaeological Complex as Important Cultural Property for its exceptional cultural, artistic and historical significance. For about 2 decades now, the site has been opened to tourists with guided tours offered by locals. This paper aims to assess the impact of tourism on Lamanok and examine the contribution of locals to the site’s preservation or degradation. It will also explore the community’s interaction with the site and investigate their interpretation of Lamanok, the petrographs and other archaeological features at the site.