The Kashmir Valley in the Western Himalayas possesses evidence for hundreds of Neolithic agricultural villages, where both East and West Asian crops are directly dated to before 4000 BP. These sites are typically located on loessic terraces on the valley floor between 1600-1700m ASL. Based on the early presence of these domesticates it has been argued that prehistoric populations in Kashmir were integrated into regional networks of exchange, driven by seasonally mobile pastoralists. This presentation explores patterns of Holocene land use by pastoralists at elevations up to 3500m ASL using palaeoenvironmental data from pastures (margs) that have been opened within coniferous forest belts, as well as from sub-alpine meadows. Through observed changes in pollen and spore abundance, charcoal influx, and sediment distributions, we argue for early anthropogenic impact by seasonally mobile herders at higher altitudes in the valley from around 4000 BP onwards. We then compare this palaeoenvironmental evidence with archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from settlement sites at lower altitudes, to reconsider the relationship between herding and farming populations in the valley. Informed by ethnographic records, we will present a framework for understanding the interactions between the prehistoric population in Kashmir and seasonally mobile pastoralist groups across the wider region.