Dayuan township and Fort Zeelandia are now in the Anping District of Tainan City in southwestern Taiwan. Fort Zeelandia was built by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1624 and used as the company headquarters and living quarters of VOC in Taiwan. The fort has been through massive modification, and the only part of the original VOC remaining is the side wall of a warehouse. The fort area now serves as a cultural heritage park in the city. On the east side of the fort, Dayuan township was the earliest planned town in Taiwan, and the modern settlement has been built on top of this old township. While historical documents and maps show the location of Dayuan township, our understanding of this early town is limited. Both locations signify the period when Taiwan was entangled in world trade networks in the 16th and 17th centuries, a crucial period in Taiwanese history. Recent excavations at Dayuan uncovered material culture and house structures that help us understand the daily life and other social aspects of the early township. Along with previous research on Fort Zeelandia in 2003 and 2005, we are able to illustrate the culture during the Age of Commerce in Taiwan, and Taiwan’s global connections in the 17th century. In addition to the rich archaeological research results, this project finds that most parts of Dayuan township preserve well under the current Anping area, but have an uncertain future. The recent research has confirmed that the former ground level of Dayuan township is 2m below the modern ground surface, but below contemporary sea level. The preservation and management of this precious cultural heritage will be a crucial task in the near future.