S10-14

The Archaeometallurgy of Dewil Valley Archaeological Sites, El Nido, Northern Palawan

Archaeological Studies Program, University of the Philippines Diliman, Philippines

The archaeological sites comprised predominantly of caves and rockshelters within the karst formations in Dewil Valley, Northern Palawan, Philippines have yielded a diverse range of metal artefacts associated with ceramics, human burials, and zoological remains, relatively dated to ca. 2000 BP to 300 BP. To develop a better understanding of the metal objects recovered from Dewil Valley sites, a classification system was formulated to categorize the artefacts based on their morphology and chemical composition. The study also addressed the problem of classifying highly corroded metal artefacts especially those made of iron with their surface area entirely obliterated by corrosion. Morphological analysis was conducted using nondestructive techniques such as macroscopic examination and application of X-ray imaging and fluorescence. The specific archaeological contexts of these artefacts were also used to gain preliminary insight into their intended purpose and function, as well as to determine their relative dates. The classification system revealed that most of the artefacts could be classed as iron fragments with no sharp edges. Single and double-edged blades, socketed, and circular artefacts were also represented. Those with no sharp edges were likely broken intentionally and deposited as votive offerings. The blades and socketed artefacts showed a preference towards having a double-edged blade, which are generally more for utilitarian use than those with single edges. The non-edged artefacts are mostly made from non-iron materials that could signify their non-utilitarian value. No slag remains or other remnants of metalworking were found (tools, smelting furnaces, raw materials or waste). This strengthens the likelihood that the archaeological sites in the Dewil Valley were mainly used for ritual purposes. The metal artefacts were not produced locally, but imported specifically for use as votive offerings.