The Greater Angkor Region contains the largest known, agrarian-based, low-density urban settlement in the world. Recent research has modelled the development of this landscape with implications for population growth and agricultural subsistence. In this paper, we review recent work to map and model the growth of the urban complex. We also investigate the internal structure and the scaling patterns, which emerge in the residential layout and the infrastructure of Greater Angkor. The Greater Angkor Region displays elaborate, internal development histories, distinct travel-time patterns and internal differentiation of occupation areas by scale and connectivity within the urban complex of Greater Angkor. While much work has been done and several residential areas within the formally structured civic-ceremonial centers (Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm) have been excavated, few excavations have been completed on residential zones within the Angkor Metropolitan Area. Populations occupying these areas, in contrast to the more densely occupied civic-ceremonial centers, were more engaged with agricultural and likely had lower population densities. Similarly, very little work has been done to assess who lived along the embankments of the massive channels that transported water and goods in the Greater Angkor Region. We argue that more attention to the residential areas of agricultural communities and along the channels will help us better understand the population and dynamics of the urban space as a whole.