The vast agrarian-urban sprawl of Angkor was the capital of the Khmer Empire which dominated mainland Southeast Asia until the mid-13th century. While debates continue as to why Angkor collapsed, little research has considered what happened to these large populations during and after their demise. This paper considers this outcome for Angkor’s inhabitants, by examining how their settlement pattern transformed. It has long been known that parts of central Angkor were never completely abandoned, but now archaeological research in its peripheral residential areas indicate the broader environment of “Greater Angkor” also hosted a continuing occupation. The Greater Angkor Project’s ceramics survey and surface collection, coupled with targeted test pit excavations, focused on acquiring temporally-diagnostic, imported Chinese tradewares to identify the spatio-temporal characteristics of settlement that endured into the early modern period. Results suggest that although there was a pronounced decline in population and a restructuring of society, some facets of Khmer subsistence remained unchanged. We also consider this within the broader transition in urbanism across early modern Cambodia and its implications for Khmer society.