The combination of a long tradition of keeping archaeological material within monastery collections, a heightened interest in collecting ancient objects among private owners, and extensive international joint excavations have together yielded a significant number of Roman artefacts both from Mainland and Island Southeast Asia. Many of these important artefacts lack good contextual information, limiting possible interpretation and chronological framework. However, fieldwork carried out by a French collaborative archaeological mission over a period of 15 years in peninsular Thailand and Myanmar has been successful at meticulously documenting well-provenanced Roman artefacts within original archaeological contexts. This has enabled us to better understand and interpret cultural material present within decontextualised collections. The range of new evidence along with the reinterpretation of earlier data, now allows us to form a synthesis regarding the Roman World and Southeast Asia. In this presentation we examine different categories of Roman artifacts and their distribution across Southeast Asia. By comparing the regions of Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, and South and coastal China, the results highlight the significance of mediator cultures along the Maritime Silk Roads in transferring Roman artifacts. In conclusion, we illustrate the possible imprints on forming evaluation/acceptance of these non-local goods by the receiving cultures.