The use of environmental resources by early Neolithic islanders in Taiwan is an important issue. Previous studies have informed the use of marine fish and shellfish and off-island basalt resources at Early Neolithic sites in western and southern Taiwan. During the Middle Neolithic, basaltic andesite and jade resources, which were only produced in the east, were present at more sites. In this study, we first clarified the chrono-cultural sequences, clay sources, and production processes of five corded pottery sites in southeastern Taiwan through pottery technical analysis, and further examined the evidence of ecological remains within the sites. Comparative results indicate that the 4450-4300 BP sites were small-scale settlements utilizing local clay resources; also shark vertebrae, fish teeth, and fish hooks have been excavated from the sites, but few agricultural tools have been found, although evidence of rice has been found at sites from this period. At 3800-3500 BP, large-scale sites have been seen with many stone hoe agricultural tools and pottery used for steaming grains. Based on these data, the lifestyle of early corded pottery communities in southeastern Taiwan exhibits small groups carrying paddle-and-anvil technique and fishing skills along the coast. We believe that tracing ancient communities that used the same pottery technique and lifestyle can provide more references for the so-called prehistoric people dispersal theory.