S35-8

Coffins from Guyangan: A Closer Look at the Banton Coffin Collection of the National Museum of the Philippines

National Museum of the Philippines, Philippines

During the 1960s, the National Museum of the Philippines collected at least 14 wooden coffins from the Guyangan Caves on the island of Banton, Province of Romblon, Central Philippines. These well-preserved coffins, collectively known as the Banton Coffins, were utilized as secondary burial vessels and were found associated with imported ceramic wares, ornaments, a textile fragment identified to be the oldest surviving in the Philippines, and several artificially modified skulls. Preliminary analysis of the associated ceramic wares places the site to late 13th to early 14th century CE, or during the Protohistoric Period in the Philippines. The Banton Coffins were crafted from hollowed out pieces of hardwood (Vitex parviflora) forming a body that is semicircular or trapezoidal in cross-section with a cover that is carved into gable roof-like form. This form and shape is often associated with a boat, which for the prehistoric maritime communities of Southeast Asia symbolizes the spiritual journey of the soul into the afterlife. The coffins may appear plain or carved with animal motifs such as snakes, lizards, or crocodiles. Nearly sixty years after the Banton coffins found their way to the National Museum collection, a reassessment was done by taking high-definition digital recording of the wooden coffins for the first time. Conservation status of the wood was carefully examined, while the associated cultural materials were revisited. The results are presented in this paper.