The transition from Neolithic to Megalithic settlement in the mid-southern Deccan of south India, is well preserved in the archaeological sequences at the Sanganakallu-Kupgallu Hill Complex in Bellary, Karnataka. In this complex, both Neolithic and Megalithic remains are recorded across the hills with the most extensive settlement extending over 1000 acres. The settlements have a variety of activity zones, including permanent and temporary habitation sites, stone-quarrying and tool production areas, rock-art sites, rock-shelters, ash mounds and megaliths. This region has significant demographic and subsistence continuity with solid archaeological records and a chronometric sequence. The hill complexes illustrate an increasingly settled lifestyle and the establishment of hilltop "village" sites in the Neolithic. Each of the sites and the local transition phases are studied through the conduct of archaeological excavation and analysis of cultural materials. The studies identified the transformation from the Neolithic to the Megalithic culture occurred over a span of 50 to 60 years, indicated through cereals cultivation, cattle and sheep/goat pastoralism, the creation of ash mounds and intensive stone quarrying and manufacturing activities. Unlike Neolithic population settled on the hilltop locations throughout its phase, Megalithic settlements abandoned hilltop villages and moved their settlements into the foothill plains.