Mother’s health is very crucial for the growth of the fetus and infant, and it is one of the main issues considered for understanding infant mortality rate (IMR) in any given society. According to studies conducted by the World Health Organization, early age marriages and repetitive pregnancies, and lower socio-economic conditions result in high IMR. Over the past 51 years, IMR as an indicator reached a maximum value of 159.40 in 1960, and a minimum value of 47.20 in 2011. These values must have been considerably higher pre-antibiotics. To understand maternal health through IMR in protohistoric India is very challenging as it is dependent on the quality of bioarchaeological records. The protohistoric period in Indian is defined here as the period from 5000 BCE to 600 BCE, and encompasses Chalcolithic agricultural villages and the emergence of the Harappan civilization and urbanization. The present paper, focusses on the analysis of skeletal remains dated to 2000 BCE from the site of Nevasa, District Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Within this mortuary assemblage around 80% of the individuals recorded belong to the sub-adult category, and died before they reached 16 years of age. Sixty percent belong to the infant category, less than 1 year old at death. These remains show high incidences of enamel hypoplasia, harris line, periostosis lesions, and vitamin C deficiency, which indicate metabolic disorders during early age, probably resulting in the high IMR. In this presentation, it is argued that these early life nutritional deficiencies seen in the skeletal assemblage directly or indirectly infer the general health of the mother.