The zooarchaeological data related to Hoabinhian and subsequent hunter-gatherer populations in continental Southeast Asia still lack detailed analysis for most taxa, especially non-mammal species. These issues currently preclude reaching a global comprehension of the subsistence strategies of prehistoric human groups. Recently, we conducted several zooarchaeological and methodological studies focused on reptile and amphibian bones in order to improve our understanding of past human subsistence strategies and palaeocological conditions in Mainland Southeast Asia. In this presentation we discuss several herpetofaunal assemblages collected in four different hunter-gatherer archaeological sites in Thailand and Cambodia (Doi Pha Kan, Moh Khiew, Khao Ta Phlai, and Laang Spean). The studied reptile and amphibian assemblages include more than 25 000 bone fragments documenting the paleoenvironments of the sites, the local paleo-biodiversity, as well as the choices made by the hunters in the exploitation of available resources. In order to investigate hunting strategies in more detail we focus on two taxa that are most common in all the investigated deposits: monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) and elongated tortoises (Indotestudo elongata).  As part of the study we developed new methodologies that enabled the body size of the archaeological specimens to be estimated. Our results show some common patterns in the behaviors of hunter-gatherer populations across time and space, but also some differences in the exploitation strategies of herpetofaunal species that we will attempt to explain in this presentation.