The Ban Kao culture was a term coined based of the archaeological excavations at the eponymous site of Ban Kao excavated by the Thai-Danish prehistoric expedition in 1960-1962. The settlement probably dates to c. 3800 - 3300 BP. The culture has been identified in both the mountainous and lower plain regions of the River Kwai (Kwai Yai and Kwai Noi) and Upper Tha-Chin River basins in western Thailand. From 2009 to 2022, the Fine Arts Department were commissioned to undertake “the Project on Prehistoric research on Ban Kao culture” in order to construct a better understanding of the cultural patterning and chronological development of the Ban Kao. Analyses of the 40 sites surveyed suggests that the prehistoric populations chose to inhabit two different geographical zones, the mountainous and low land regions, reflecting variations in their lifeways. Twelve of the archaeological sites were regarded as burial locations, and five of these were excavated. Burial patterns, and the concept of space after death and ritual practices were analyzed. Caves were used by the highland people for burial grounds, whilst in the lowland areas they produce burial mounds. The two groups of people placed the dead in the supine extended position, but practices varied significantly in other details. For example, jar-burials were only recorded in the Tha-Chin River Basin plain. The geospatial similarities and differences in mortuary practices across the region suggests that the Neolithic communities that settled in the highlands and lowlands may be not have been from the same groups. This is also reflected in the variety of pottery shapes and forms that were distinctively developed by the different subcultures.