GS4-5

Imaging Ancient Images: Challenges in Analogous and Digital Documentation of Geoglyphs on Lateritic Plateaus of Konkan, India

Mrudula Mane1, Tejas Madan Garge2, Prabhin Sukumaran3, Jigna Desai1, Parth R. Chauhan4

1Center for Heritage Conservation, CEPT Research and Development Foundation, CEPT University, India

2Department of Archaeology and Museums, Government of Maharashtra, India

3Charotar University of Science and Technology, India

4Humanities & Social Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), India

Various parts of India are well-known for their rock art in the form of engravings or paintings in rock shelters or on boulders. However, in western India, such art (of unknown age, but for now tentatively placed between terminal phase of Pleistocene to early historical era of the Indian Subcontinent) was executed on horizontal lateritic surfaces depicting abstract, human and animal figures. This paper discusses the geospatial distribution of select geoglyphs from the Konkan region and their significance. Methodological and interpretative challenges were confronted during manual and digital documentation attempts. We highlight the need for a multidisciplinary documentation approach to the question - What type of documentation is required for a truthful representation of geolyphs for further scientific investigation? Inconsistencies in data collection, over or under-rendering during post-processing can generate misleading digital output, which will not adhere to the fundamental principles of heritage documentation. The porous, seasonally-dynamic nature of the lateritic surface affects photogrammetric workflow. We also address the current lack of standardized attributes for documentation, associated lab methods and the need for ethical practices regarding knowledge exchange between local communities and academia for the physical and digital preservation and management of heritage. Additional challenges confronted include the limited physical access to some sites, climatic seasons to work concerning fluctuating visibility or accentuation of the engravings, imminent and ongoing threats due to industrial development, choosing ways for long-term preservation, longevity issues with the generated digital data, the very nature of 'big data' and digital infrastructural requirements. Generating accurate scientific data will enable precise interpretation of carving techniques, art styles, their chronology and other research issues related to Geoglyphs.